1. LED Chip Performance  

   - Luminescent Materials and Wavelength:  

     The wavelengths of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) LEDs determine the purity and coverage range of primary colors. For example:  

     - Red light: 620–630 nm, green light: 520–535 nm, blue light: 450–460 nm.  

     - Deviations from standard wavelengths (e.g., green light shifting toward yellow) reduce the color gamut.  

   - Spectral Purity:  

     A narrower spectral half-width (bandwidth) of LEDs results in purer colors and broader color mixing ranges. For instance, excessive green light bandwidth can prevent coverage of NTSC or DCI-P3 standards.  

   - Brightness Consistency:  

     Significant brightness disparities among RGB LEDs disrupt color balance, leading to gamut shifts.  

 

2. Driving and Signal Processing Technology  

   - Driver Chip Precision:  

     High-bit-depth driver chips (e.g., 16-bit) enable smoother grayscale and color transitions, minimizing color banding.  

   - PWM Dimming Technology:  

     High-frequency PWM dimming reduces color distortion (e.g., red attenuation) at low brightness levels.  

   - Color Calibration Algorithms:  

     - White Balance Calibration: Ensures RGB mixing achieves target white points (e.g., D65).  

     - Gamma Correction: Optimizes luminance response curves to prevent color loss in shadows or highlights.  

   - Gamut Mapping:  

     Support for wide-gamut standards (e.g., Adobe RGB, DCI-P3) requires hardware and algorithms for color space conversion and compression.  

 

3. Display Structure and Manufacturing Processes  

   - Pixel Arrangement:  

     - RGB Stripe Layout: Ensures uniform color mixing for high gamut demands.  

     - Virtual Pixel Technology (e.g., SMD 2-in-1): May sacrifice partial gamut for resolution enhancement.  

   - Packaging Technology:  

     - SMD (Surface-Mounted Device): Better heat dissipation and light efficiency but susceptible to ambient light.  

     - COB (Chip-on-Board): Dust/waterproof but may reduce light efficiency due to encapsulation materials.  

   - Black Screen Technology:  

     Black masks or low-reflectivity materials improve contrast, indirectly enhancing perceived gamut.  

 

4. Environmental Factors  

   - Ambient Light Interference:  

     Strong ambient light (e.g., sunlight) reduces contrast, diminishing perceived gamut (e.g., red saturation loss).  

   - Temperature Effects:  

     LED wavelength shifts under high temperatures (e.g., red light shifts ~0.1 nm/°C), requiring dynamic compensation.  

   - Viewing Angle:  

     Color shifts at wide angles (e.g., blue light attenuation when viewed sideways) reduce effective gamut.  

 

5. Calibration and Maintenance  

   - Factory Calibration:  

     Point-by-point calibration using spectrophotometers ensures target gamut coverage (e.g., 95% DCI-P3).  

   - Periodic Maintenance:  

     LED aging (e.g., fastest blue light decay) reduces gamut by ~3–5% annually, necessitating re-calibration.  

   - HDR Support:  

     HDR content requires higher peak brightness and broader gamut (e.g., BT.2020), demanding hardware-algorithm synergy.  

 

6. Signal Source and Processing System  

   - Input Signal Bit Depth:  

     10-bit signals retain more color detail than 8-bit, avoiding color banding.  

   - Color Management Engine:  

     3D LUT (Look-Up Table) support ensures accurate gamut mapping.  

   - HDR Dynamic Metadata:  

     Standards like Dolby Vision or HDR10+ optimize per-frame gamut performance.  

 

Optimization Strategies in Practice  

  - Select high-gamut LEDs (e.g., green LEDs with KSF phosphor).  

  - Pair with wide-gamut driver ICs (e.g., Macroblock MBI5352) and 3D LUT calibration systems.  

  - Use in low-ambient-light environments and implement periodic temperature compensation.  

 

Through these factors, LED displays can achieve >90% NTSC or 98% DCI-P3 gamut coverage, meeting professional demands in film, design, and other fields.